Some Studies

According to James Serpell’s study on British witchcraft, though cats were fairly well-represented in witchcraft trails (beating dogs by a margin) however they were grossly and significantly outnumbered by toads. In two other studies, namely Cunning Folk by Emma Whitby and Witchcraft and Belief in Early Modern Scotland by Julian Goodare, dogs outnumbered cats as the witch familiars.

(It could also be that whilst Serpell only covered between 1530 and the early 18th century, Whitby went further into the 19th century and so did Goodare in a way.)

There’s also a study on witchcraft in Eastern Slovenia* which also mentions toads as the predominant witch animals. Sometimes studies can contradict themselves as academians are only human though they also could be coloured by their biases as well as being unable to find further sources to back things up so.

*Styrian Witches in European Perspective

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