There are some black people who feel certain black characters give off a strong air of suspicion in the sense of being written by white people, Cheryl Lynn Eaton felt that way around X-Men’s Storm and another felt the same way around Lucas Sinclair of Stranger Things. To take it further, Storm is what happens if white Americans wrote about an African woman. Not that it can’t be entirely not-racist but there’s the risk of not only cultural inauthenticity but also falling into stereotypes and expectations about what African women (ought to) be.
I think the problem with the way Storm is written is that she’s both othered in relation to other X-Men and also in some regards detached from actual Kenyan culture, since she’s from Kenya herself. We don’t get to see her celebrate Boxing Day (26 December, courtesy of the British as Kenya was a British colony) nor hear her speak Kikuyu and Swahili from time to time. She may not always be that bilingual, but even then she’s detached from her ties to Kenya.
Since she doesn’t use colloquialisms unique to Kenyan English, she could easily be a white American woman. I pretty much brought that up about DC’s Lady Shiva where she may have Asian ties but they’re so tenuous that one could make her Swedish and it wouldn’t change her that much, since we don’t see her write Chinese characters and eat baozi. Assuming she’s Chinese but even then she’s further apart from the country or culture she’s supposed to be a part of.
As for X-Men, when it comes to exploring Japanese culture it’s usually through a white character be it Wolverine, Kate Pryde or Betsy Braddock (until recently) as far as I recall. I don’t think there’s ever a story that explores Japanese culture through a Japanese character like Sunfire or Surge, even though they were born and raised in Japan and lived there far longer than Wolverine has. So it’s a form of narrative cultural appropriation where such a country is only explored in depth in relation to a white character.
Never or at best, hardly about a character who was born and raised in that place. I detailed a sort of racism where on one hand, the character is one’s impression of what a POC is but never that closely tied to the culture/country they’re supposed to belong to and on the other hand you have a foreign culture explored through a white character’s lens and life. It still has vibes of being written by a white person either way, to put it generously it’s all that they know and identify with.
But one with damning ramifications when it comes to who the readers are made to identify with and follow, as well as (unconsciously or accidentally) playing into their expectations of certain ethnicities. In the case with Lady Shiva, what makes her Asian is her ability to do martial arts but we never see her eat spring rolls, celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival and as I said before write Chinese characters.
What makes Storm African is her vague connection to a goddess, but we never see her celebrate Boxing Day the way Anglophone Africans do. One wonders why nobody bothered making her listen to country music, since it’s popular with Africans and there are African radio stations that play country music from my online experience. These characters really don’t have a deep connection to the cultures they’re supposed to hail from.
This strongly reeks of white writers creating characters of colour that unless if they actively unlearn it and go against racism, they will always reek of being culturally inauthentic. Then you have the Wolverines, Kates and Betsies of the world where a nonwhite culture is explored through them, while we don’t get that from Jubilee, Sunfire and Surge well not to the same extent the former three get. While some characters of colour receive only a superficial tie, it’s the white characters who are used as conduits to explore a foreign culture.
As if a foreign culture’s palatable if it were tied to a white character in some way or another, especially if that white character’s the protagonist of the storyline that it’s troubling why a similar treatment was barely if ever given to Sunfire. I don’t think these writers were careful with the kinds of tales they conjure, the characters they come up with and why there’s always the risk of falling into stereotypes and cultural appropriation when they do this.
They may be getting better at this point, though a Kikuyu-speaking Storm or a Cantonese-speaking Lady Shiva has yet to see the light of the day.