I said before that going from the book From Krakow To Krypton, longtime X-Men writer Chris Claremont has admitted that he didn’t find black people particularly relatable (not that he hated them), but it does colour the way he wrote black characters when compounded by his Zionism, holiday in Israel and finding Jewish characters more relatable, that it does reveal a kind of racist bias in his works. In the sense that Jewish characters like Magneto and Kitty Pryde, for all their faults and with the latter being a repeat ingratiate to Professor Xavier, tend to be portrayed more sympathetically and also more sensitively than he would with black characters. It seems when black people do show up in his stories, they fall into three portrayals: exotic black people (Storm), black friend to white people (Storm and Stevie Hunter) and gangsters.
Considering that Cecilia Reyes, an African Caribbean doctor, was created by somebody else (Scott Lobdell), even if Lobdell himself’s not without his own faults it seems antiblack racism is not one of those but my exposure to his stories is very limited, so bear with me here. Given Chris Claremont never found black people particularly relatable, it does make one wonder why he never seemed actually interested in them or experienced with them the way he would with fellow Jews be they American or Israeli. This may not be true for how he portrays other black characters, but based on what I’ve read, it does feel this way at times. I said before that Claremont never seems particularly this exposed to African media, even when the Internet now makes it possible in a way. As in with the Internet, if you use it to upload X-Men fanart and listen to X-Men podcasts, you could also use it to livestream African sermons and the like.
You could also use it to scour for African documents, devotionals and the like, which is exactly what I tend to do with those. I’ve never been to any African country, though I do intend to go to one, but it’s still telling that Chris Claremont never seemed particularly interested in African countries, nor is he extensively exposed to African media in any way, online or not. As he’s never been to any African country, let alone stay there for quite a while like he did in Israel, he’s never particularly exposed to African media given when he was writing the X-Men stories at the time the Internet was in its infancy or something if it did exist at all. As Chris Claremont stayed in Israel for a while, it’s the country that’s going to have any real bearing over his stories. It’s not much of a stretch to even assume that he could’ve been exposed to Israeli media in any way, which would’ve further coloured the way he wrote the X-Men stories.
The fact that Chris Claremont wrote a substantial chunk of the X-Men canon, encompassing related magazines like New Mutants (in-story, they’re pretty much the junior wing of the wider X-Men organisation), Kitty Pryde and Wolverine and a number of Wolverine stories (I think), that his contributions are further reaching than those of Joe Kelly and Scott Lobdell. For every X-Men writer who seems particularly interested in any real African country (or at least has been there for a while) as it is with Joe Kelly towards Maggott/Japheth, there are many more who’re practically indifferent to it. In the case with East Asians and West Asians, and if we restrict it to Chris Claremont’s output, with the exceptions of Karma and Jubilee, they’re almost always portrayed in a kind of antagonistic light.
But then again Jubilee is Asian American and Karma hailed from a former French colony, so westernised Asians will be portrayed more sympathetically than those who’re not. I don’t read much comics so bear with me here again, but it’s kind of telling that there’s a racist streak in Chris Claremont’s stories. It also plays into a wider American sentiment against rising Asian powers that those who’re westernised (the Philippines for instance) will be regarded more favourably than those that aren’t under America’s control (China and at some point, Japan), which also kind of plays into a model minority rhetoric by pitting one against the other in some way. Even as a Pinay, I felt that X-Men stories were pretty iffy. But reading more of those stories makes them even iffier than one realises, especially if you remove those rose-coloured glasses and see the problems for what they really are. This kind of speaks to certain issues I knew before.
I said elsewhere that the Philippines does have a neocolonial relationship with America, especially whenever Philippine cartoonists chose to work for American publishers a lot, over actively supporting the local comics industry in search of money. It’s even worse when you realise that not a lot of Philippine publishing houses bother translating our neighbours’ books into local languages, like would it hurt to translate any of Haruki Murakami’s novels into Tagalog? Filipinos are no stranger to dubbing Japanese programmes into Tagalog, so translating Japanese books into Tagalog would really be more of the same. But we’d rather rely on US imports over personally translating Asian books into our languages, that I feel despite our infatuation with South Korea it’s a distant second to America.
Why? There’s a paucity of Korean books translated into Tagalog. Any Kpop fan that habitually translates Kpop songs into Tagalog should be eligible for translating Korean books into Tagalog, or even Korean comics as one of them could easily be our very own Erika Fuchs. She’s the woman who translated Disney comics into German, and she’s a very lauded translator. Regardless of how one feels about Korean comics or literacy in the Philippines, if you have Kpop fans who translate Korean magazines for personal use, they should be eligible for translating Korean comics into local languages, as Erika Fuchs may not have started out as this familiar with comics at some point but grew to love her job over time.
With America we get the whole package where we don’t just get exposed to America music, but also America television, American cinema, American food, American clothing, American video games, American books, American magazines and also American comic books. Our relationship with our closest Asian neighbours is painfully remote, not even our relationship with South Korea is as close as that of America, which is saying. I don’t think Filipinos are really this extensively exposed to Korean culture this much, despite the common sentiment, since our exposure to Korean culture is largely restricted to Korean programmes, films, food and music, since there are practically not a lot of Philippine publishers translating Korean books and comics for the Philippine market.
And even with music, it’s largely restricted to Kpop for most people and not something like Trot, Korean ballads, Korean rap and Korean rock as these do exist. Whereas Filipinos are highly exposed to a wider range of American music (rap, rock, jazz, pop and country), or for another matter American programmes (drama, comedy, reality television, educational programming and animation). Maybe I’m wrong but even then Filipinos are disturbingly distant towards their neighbours, not even as close to South Korea as they are to America. At any point where Philippine publishers could’ve translated Indonesian books into Tagalog, or Philippine television dubbing Indonesian programmes, these don’t happen. Most Filipinos’ exposure to Indonesian culture on our soil is usually just limited to food, Philippine radio stations don’t play this much Indonesian music.
The average Filipino really isn’t this exposed to Asian cultures this much, given how Philippine publishers barely translate Vietnamese, Indonesian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Thai books into Tagalog, how Philippine television doesn’t dub Vietnamese, Indonesian, Chinese and Thai programmes this much and so on. Philippine radio stations may play Kpop, but they don’t play K-Rap, Trot, K-Ballads or K-Rock. Actually the other two (Trot and K-Ballads) are pretty popular in South Korea, though not widely exported to other countries the way Kpop is. I still think the Philippines’s exposure to Asian cultures is pretty shallow compared to America’s, even our exposure to South Korean culture isn’t this deep since we don’t bother translating Korean comics and books into local languages.
Such is the tragedy of American imperialism in the Philippines where despite much closer to Indonesia and Vietnam than we are to the US, we’re more heavily exposed to US culture than we are to both Indonesia and Vietnam. We’re more heavily exposed to American comics than we are to Indonesian and Vietnamese comics, and despite the existence of Japanese programmes dubbed into Tagalog, we don’t do a lot of the same to Japanese comics and books for some reason. Jline Comics is the only Philippine publisher that does this to my knowledge, it wouldn’t hurt for Philippine publishers to professionally translate something like Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure and Saiyuki into Tagalog. But one possible objection is that it’s too extensive to translate multiple volumes of those into Tagalog, as the Philippines is bilingual in Tagalog and English, we could just import translated Japanese comics instead.
But since Philippine dubbers are experienced in dubbing hundreds of episodes from almost any anime into Tagalog, translating Japanese comics into Tagalog would be more of the same thing. I find myself wondering if Filipinos aren’t just remote towards our neighbours, but also suspicious or disdainful of them on some level. Not just China but also Japan at some point for elderly people alive today, even though it shouldn’t be this way. Even if these two have faults, America’s not any better either. America has repeatedly evicted Native Americans off of their lands and have them marginalised in some way, especially through reservations, whereas white Americans (descendants of European immigrants and colonists) needn’t to live in reservations. Even if not all Native Americans live in reservations, it’s not hard to see how and why they’re so marginalised on their own soil.
America is built on stolen land and what was once Native American territory has been made into American cities and towns by European settlers, you have some people suggesting that there were a lot more Native Americans back then. But once European settlers came, their numbers dwindled over time. Not to mention Hawaii was its own country but got subjugated by America and then got made into a US state as the 1950s came to a close, which goes to show you what an imperial hegemon America became. Any country it can’t readily subjugate is ripe for demonisation, which is how it feels around China and also Japan before. This is particularly evident in one X-Men story where the Mandarin decides to sinicise Jubilee even further, but she’s aghast at this or something.
Not to mention the other nonwesternised East Asians in that story are also antagonistic and though I could be wrong about the way the rest of the East Asians are portrayed in other Chris Claremont penned stories, but it does make sense how and why East Asians are generally written the way they are in the X-Men stories. It seems most of the more sympathetic East Asians in the X-Men canon tend to be westernised ones (Galura who’s Philippine, the Vietnamese Karma and Chinese-American Jubilee), but the antagonistic ones are the least westernised (the Mandarin and Matsuo). Also it seems most of the more sympathetic East Asian characters are also female, but the antagonistic ones tend to be male (I don’t read much comics to be honest).
It kind of does play into a sort of fetishisation of East Asian women, made worse by the presence of US air bases in some countries. Which means US soldiers will be out to have dalliances with Philippine, Vietnamese and Korean prostitutes, which sort of explains why DC’s very own Cheshire is portrayed the way she is. Though Chinese men having African women isn’t any better, but when it comes to American soldiers having dalliances with East Asian prostitutes, it kind of furthers or deepens the fetishisation of East Asian women at times. For every AF/WM relationship that’s actually not based around prostitution at all, there are those who come over for the prostitutes and the like. It’s a really insidious form of colonialism where people get trafficked for sex in some way or another, or if people are nothing more than living commodities for white people.
Nothing more than playthings for white people, which I feel makes the sexualised transformation of Betsy Braddock into an Asian woman worse. Early on she didn’t dress this skimpily (by superhero standards), but once she turned East Asian she started flirting with Scott Summers (who’s married to Jean Grey). And she habitually wore a thong leotard, which makes Peach Momoko’s take on her all the more refreshing. Instead of using her to act out fetishistic fantasies of Asian women, this Psylocke comes across as authentically Japanese. She’s not a white woman who got bodyswapped with an East Asian woman, but an actual Japanese woman whose name contains the Chinese character for west (clever one!).
It also helps that Peach Momoko is Japanese herself and would churn out a real Japanese sensibility, but she’s far from the only one out there in Marvel. But there’s something troubling about the Philippines’s sympathy for the west and especially America, where we’re quick to distrust easternisation like Filipinos drawing in a more anime style, but have no issue working for American publishers themselves. Coupled with a more distant relationship with our closest neighbours and it’s pretty shameful that we’re too close to America in ways that are really inappropriate, like the Philippines can’t effectively decolonise itself without letting go of America in some way. I even said before that most Philippine publishers don’t translate our neighbours’ books and comics.
Which means the Philippines’s relationship with the east is painfully and embarrassingly remote, compared to our inappropriately close relationship with America and the rest of the west. Not that there’s anything wrong with liking western countries, but when the Philippines is rather distant towards its closest neighbours it’s not a good sign really. Actually I don’t think the Philippines is close to the rest of the global east (which in my view includes Africa) either, given how most Filipinos are still far more exposed to western media than they are to East Asian and African media. It’s not something I like in the Philippines but it’s vanishingly rare for Filipinos to be this extensively exposed to nonwestern media, I could not be the only one here.
Even if something like the Bumilangit comics canon isn’t entirely resolved of other problems, at least offers a more authentically Indonesian sensibility and it’s proof that it’s possible to sustain a local big name comics publisher for long, something the Philippines barely even does with its own superheroes and our very own Bayan Knights didn’t last long. Philippine cartoonists would rather work for American publishers and get a higher payrate, over actively supporting our own superheroes which hints at the inappropriate persistence of American colonialism in the Philippines. And since it’s been speculated that Israel itself is an agent of western imperialism, it kind of does play into how certain ethnicities are portrayed.
Those that are westernised are highly favoured (Israeli Jews, Filipinos, Koreans, Vietnamese) and those that aren’t are highly demonised (Chinese, Arabs, even the Japanese at some point), biases that are very much reinforced in the X-Men canon from time to time that gets inculcated onto America’s allies. It may not even be the X-Men comics that do the trick, but any other American story would do and it will turn out the same for as long as it helps reinforce these biases onto others. It’s worth noting that there’s nary a Palestinian X-Man, even though the Arrakkians serve as proxies for Palestinians. But when writers almost always side with Zionism, in which a good chunk of the X-Men canon owes itself to through Chris Claremont, it’s probably why there’ll never be a sympathetically prominent Palestinian mutant at all.
The sort of Palestinian characters who do get to appear in X-Men stories in any capacity are more likely to be Israeli Jews, something like Gabrielle Haller and her son with Professor Xavier, David Haller. As he appeared in the earlier stories, he was like Professor Xavier’s skinny teenaged son who got possessed by an evil Arab hellbent on killing Israelis. Outside of the X-Men and part of the larger Marvel canon is the Israeli Sabra/Ruth Bat Seraph, again one would wonder why Marvel Comics never had a prominently sympathetic Palestinian character in any way. Sympathetic Egyptians and Lebanese maybe, but not a single sympathetic Palestinian. That would run counter to the stronger bias towards Israeli Jews and Jews in general.
And whenever Sabra does appear with another character called Arabian Knight, she’s almost always portrayed as a sort of heroine against him. Like you have to side more with the Jews than with the Arabs, even those at their worst like Magneto and Kitty Pryde at times will still be portrayed more sympathetically, than is afforded to nonwhite, non-Jewish characters like John Proudstar. It’s like both of them are ungrateful towards Professor Xavier, but only Kitty Pryde’s spared from the consequences of her actions that befell John Proudstar. The fact that Claremont’s so biased towards her that it feels really racist when you realise why she barely ever faces the consequences of her own disdain towards Professor Xavier the way it did for him, which is really racist.
It’s like he sides with her more than the Native American guy, even though they’re more resentful towards Xavier and Kitty has fought with him like three times to my knowledge. It kind of communicates a certain message that you can get away with that attitude for as long as you’re of the right ethnicity and culture, like anybody who’s not a western white person will almost always face the consequences of the same actions that their white, western counterparts do often. It’s not a good message and when compounded by other iffy portrayals of nonwestern and/or nonwhite people, it’s as if despite X-Men writers and especially Chris Claremont embracing multiculturalism, it’s mostly on paper and not in action.
Most of the people making up the classic New Mutants lineup are white westerners (British Rahne Sinclair, white Americans Doug Ramsey and Sam Guthrie, white Brazilian Amara Aquila and white Russian Illyana Rasputin in my opinion, and then another white American like Tabitha Smith), given there are only a few nonwhite or nonwestern members of that subgroup (Native American Dani Moonstar, Vietnamese Karma and Afro-Brazilian Sunspot). It’s like despite attempts to portray Japanese culture and Japanese characters, X-Men writers and especially Chris Claremont seem far more biased towards white westerners above everybody else.
And when compounded by the paucity of sympathetic Palestinian Arab characters like there is for Israeli Jews like Sabra, it’s not hard to see that Chris Claremont and the overall Marvel canon seem far more biased towards white Jews than they would towards Palestinians. It’s kind of telling that the most prominent Muslim characters in Marvel Comics aren’t Palestinians themselves, be it Pakistani American Kamala Khan, Lebanese American Fadi Fadlalah and Turkish American Nakia Bahadir, which still sends a certain message that it’s okay to be Muslim and/or West Asian for as long as they are westernised in one way or another. It’s not just that all three of them are from their countries’ diasporas.
But that both Pakistan and Lebanon were former European colonies (British and French respectively), with Turkey being a West Asian country that’s in close geographical and cultural proximity to Europe. There’s nary a sympathetic Palestinian American among them, not even Palestinian Christians are portrayed much at all in American comics. Perhaps outside of Joe Sacco’s journalistic forays into Palestine, which they likely do appear, Palestinian Christians are vanishingly rare in the American comics canon. And Palestinian Christians are very much ignored in most western media, like this might tarnish the perception of Israel as the Christians’ favourite country. This is even more ironic that not only does Israel persecute Palestinian Christians, but that it’s rarely mentioned as one of those countries that persecute Christians at all.
The ones that do get mentioned are ironically the same countries that have very substantial Christian populations compared to Israel, namely these are Vietnam, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, Mexico and Uganda. Even if they have their own issues, they’re actually less hostile to Christianity than one realises. Uganda not only has Christian YouTube channels and radio stations, but also a newspaper called New Vision that even publishes devotionals online. Same thing goes for Nigeria’s Nigerian Times and Elanhub, in addition to having its own Christian radio stations and YouTube channels. There are even Christian websites coming from Nigeria, Indonesia and Vietnam, just as Indonesia has its own version of Radio Maria (a Christian radio network) and Vietnam even has Christian YouTube channels.
Even China has a sizable number of Christian websites, despite taking a few of them down. Unfortunately it’s easier to side with Israel for all its faults, than to see the good in these countries due to the Halo effect both Israel and Jews have in the Zionist mindset. And there’s a tendency for some Protestants to view Jews as honourary Protestants, which only deepens people’s suspicions of Christianity as linked to colonialism, especially if/when there’s no regard and respect for Christian traditions and denominations that have a longer history in countries like Vietnam, China and the Philippines, namely Catholicism. But others don’t see Catholicism as Christian, so it’s like Jews get a pass for being Protestant-like.
It’s not hard to see how and why a Zionist bias is prominent in not only some Christian circles, but also western circles as a whole and why it kind of drives a wedge between people really. Whether if it’s Zionism in Chris Claremont’s stories, the overall trend of Zionism in the wider Marvel canon and also Zionism in western culture, one gets the impression that Jews are the model minority to end all model minorities. The ones that can readily assimilate into white, Protestant cultures in a way not even those from white, Catholic cultures can’t aspire to (something like Ireland and Italy), which communicates a message that invalidates those cultures and countries.
Jews are the model minority’s model minority, which would make the Romani the original ‘bad’ minority. The former is stereotyped as high-achieving and amenable to white, Protestant cultures, the other will always be the scapegoat and the outsider. Both of them come from other places, with Jewish people that’s like twice because although a few Ashkenazi Jews are descended from the Levant, most of them are more directly descended from Judacised Turkic, Iranian, Greek and Slavic populations between West Asia, Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. Conveniently where the Khazar Khaganate would’ve been, whose own people were speculated to have converted to Judaism en masse to avoid taking sides.
There are studies that are conflicted over whether or not Ashkenazic Jews are even descended from them, even if they’re not wholly descended from them as they’re also descended from Judacised Slavs, Greeks and Iranians, but if Palestinians are said to be directly descended from the Israelites in some studies, even if Palestinians could really be Arabicised Jews in some regards (in the sense of being directly descended from the Israelites) but to most people, being Arab and Jewish are fundamentally incompatible concepts. Like to be Arab is to be Muslim and to be Jewish is to be westernised on some level, even if the possibility that Palestinians are directly descended from the ancient Israelites confounds these assumptions.
It seems in the world of Marvel and also in Chris Claremont’s contributions to the X-Men canon, an Arab can be a prominent character but never a Palestinian Arab. A Muslim can be a hero for as long as they’re not Palestinian, as if the Zionists that may be try to bury any memory and positive mention of Palestine at all. Not to mention a Palestinian can’t even be a Christian, despite Palestine/Israel housing the world’s oldest continuous Christian community. It’s not hard to see how western media’s greater bias towards both Israel and Jews make it harder to see Palestinians as people, let alone as practising Christians because that would surprise and upend one’s ideas about them.
So a Palestinian will never be a character in Marvel Comics, much less a heroic one or even an X-Man at that. If Marvel has Israeli Jewish characters like David Haller and Sabra, why not a Palestinian? But it’s never going to happen anyways, perhaps other than the coded residents of Arrakko. And even then mutants having to have their own ethnostate’s right there in Chris Claremont’s writings, who spent enough time to Israel to have both Magneto and Charles Xavier do the same thing. There’s also no mistaking that he would’ve been this exposed to Israeli media, in lieu of a more sophisticated Internet back in the 1980s and 1990s as this was a thing before.
And even in the early to mid 2000s, though the Internet and broadband connections were there, livestreaming had yet to emerge. And even then Chris Claremont’s still more biased towards Israel and western cultures, at least generally less antagonistic towards the former two than he is towards East Asia and especially both China and Japan (again, I don’t read comics much). His biases inevitably colour the way people are portrayed in his stories, his own inability to relate to black people or East Asians for another matter often results in dodgy portrayals, his greater bias towards Kitty Pryde has rendered her immune to the fallout of her own actions, despite being the same as what John Proudstar did.
David Haller was a poor Jewish boy (since he’s older now) who got possessed by an Arab, as if Arabs are out to corrupt Jewish minors at any point. And how Betsy Braddock came to look Asian, she actually got body-swapped with an Asian assassin with criminal ties, as like if being easternised makes you suspicious on some level. It’s no surprise that such portrayals of certain nonwestern cultures and peoples serve to drive a wedge between people, like how Philippine cartoonists kind of look down on their countrymen doing the manga style but have no shame working for American publishing houses. Even if it sounds like a stretch, it does inculcate certain ideas of what people ought to be and ally themselves with.
In American comics, even if there are white, western bad guys they’re still going to be portrayed more sympathetically than is afforded for their nonwestern, nonwhite counterparts, which affects how America’s allies see others as. This may not be the case anymore but it does influence people’s mindsets and sensibilities on a subconscious level, like if Americans have a habit of inculcating their culture onto Filipinos over Filipinos learning to develop stronger ties to their neighbours, then Filipinos will become more biased towards their cultures. Even if they sympathise with their neighbours on some level, they’ll still sympathise more with anything western still.
It’s pretty evidently problematic that due to years of American inculcation that most Filipinos aren’t this particularly close to their neighbours, even though this should make good logistical sense. They begin to absorb and internalise American ideas and mindsets, resulting in a worldview no different from their American counterparts. This also includes parallel attitudes towards Chinese, Arabs, British and so on, even if this isn’t how these people see themselves as. Or for another matter, how Europeans would see Arabs and Chinese as. If you keep presenting Arabs and Chinese as a threat to American hegemony, they will see them in this light. If you habitually erase Palestinians in your stories, people wouldn’t know they existed.
Let alone in a more humanising light as it is in Joe Sacco’s own comics, ditto the existence of Palestinian Christians. And unfortunately given the nature of American hegemony in the Philippines and the like, it makes it harder to see these biases as what they really are, instead of finding out Chinese and Arab made media to better understand where they’re coming from and see a different side to them. Or for another matter, Vietnamese, Ugandan, Nigerian and Indonesian made media, but the problem will be the same for as America and Israel both want to earn people’s graces. For as long as America continues to tarnish their reputations, it makes harder to understand and learn how they see themselves as. Even for all their faults, countries like Indonesia and Vietnam aren’t this hostile to Christians.
Israel might be more hostile to Christians than one realises, especially if these are Palestinian Christians at that, which go unnoticed in most Christian media. When coupled with poor media literacy, it’s not hard to see things in a biased manner. Unfortunately even researchers are biased towards something, making it harder to evaluate things objectively and are human in a way. So media literacy comes in handy when it comes to evaluating such media, which should also extend to something like the X-Men canon. Media literacy is really helpful in understanding one’s biases towards something and how it colours their work, such as how Chris Claremont’s Zionist bias coloured his tenure on the X-Men magazine series and its ilk like New Mutants.
Unconscious or not, it colours the way they see and expect things to be. No wonder why it’s so hard to see the Zionist bias and racism in the X-Men stories without realising it later on, well as it is for me, but it’s increasingly obvious how different certain people are portrayed compared to others. And why these media influence people’s perceptions and assumptions of something.