Anastasia, tell me who you are?

GI Joe is a American ACG (animation, comics/cartooning and gaming)/toy brand that’s not ashamed of wearing its anti-Russian and anti-Soviet sentiments on its sleeves, which is particularly obvious when it comes to the character of Anastasija Cisranova (technically her name would be spelt Anastasia instead). Even if she initially wasn’t intended to be Russian (or from anywhere else in both the Eastern bloc and Soviet Union) and she merely got involved with the wrong people, given the prevailing anti-Soviet atmosphere of American culture during the height of the Cold War that she inevitably turned out this way. From what I’ve read, Anastasia doesn’t seem particularly openly communist. But it lends to a kind of plausible deniability and moreso during the height of the Cold War, that even when the Baroness doesn’t openly enspouse socialist politics herself, there’s a kind of guilt (or distrust) by association that by being a Russian who’s affiliated with an enemy organsiation, she’s immediately suspect from the get-go.

American culture seems to be profoundly distrusting of the things that oppose and challenge it in some way or another, even if the sentiment’s not unique to America itself, it’s really a feature of American culture. It’s not hard to see that exposure to such media like the GI Joe ACG canon would inculcate this sort of mindset onto unsuspecting minds in their formative years and beyond, even if it may not always be the case for all GI Joe fans, it risks feeling this way for others. The heroic characters in GI Joe are almost always American, in line with American interventionism when it comes to opposing whatever comes in its way. GI Joe as a toy brand was introduced more than a decade after the Korean War, which was instigated to contain the spread of socialism onto the rest of the Korean peninsula. Both North Korea and South Korea were one and the same nation for centuries.

So it’s very recent that they are bifurcated on ideological lines, with South Korea being as aggressively capitalistic as America is. North Korea remains socialist to this day, though there are prophecies of these two reuniting as one again. (That and the shocking possibility that the United States is Mystery Babylon, the end-times country said to corrupt the planet with its abominations.) It’s not hard to see how and why this would’ve affected GI Joe and it got more obvious in the 1980s, around the time Anastasia Cisranova first showed up. Like I said before, Ms Cisranova doesn’t appear to be socialist according to those who actually know a thing or two about it. But due to being a Russian who’s affiliated with an enemy organisation called Cobra that it becomes telling that she could harbour opposing politics and views to those who’re opposed to either Russia or socialism.

In the wider American ACG canon, pro-American characters are always good. Whether if they’re Captain America or GI Joe, they are always going to be heroes. This is in line with the way America saw itself as for years: the hero of the world who has to save the day from any enemy. The Captain Canuck canon (about a Canadian superhero) is the only place within the wider North American ACG canon where you can find a pro-American villain, but that’s due to America forcing Canada to join it that Canada wouldn’t comply with it anymore. The profound anti-Soviet sentiment in America throughout the mid-20th century up to the 1980s strongly shaped the trajectory of Anastasia Cisranova under the pen of Larry Hama and then future writers, that even when she merely started out as a woman who joined a terrorist community it’s still obvious that she’ll be a presumed Communist at any point.

So it’s not a stretch to take things further by making her Russian later on, as Russia was communist in the 20th century. Even when Russia is capitalistic at this point, given the prevailing anti-Russian sentiment in American culture that Anastasia Cisranova will almost always be the enemy, even if it’s not always the case with other GI Joe stories (but on the condition that she joins an American team, that’s by assimilating into American culture herself). One might wonder if it were possible to create a Baroness like character but one who harbours the opposite politics and ideology, whatever she could’ve implicitly endorsed within the GI Joe canon. Maybe such a character already exists in the Russian and possibly Chinese fiction canons, but given other countries are beginning to oppose America like Canada that perhaps it’s a good time for this villain to emerge.

Let’s say that a character named Colin Sallow is kind of imperialistic, monarchist and capitalistic, he’s also a villain too or at least one that turned out as such when he killed somebody else. He believes that Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Myanmar are far better off when they’re under British hands, he loves his newly ennobled British aunt (whom she returns in kind), he’s more sympathetic to the rich than he is to the poor, wants to privatise healthcare and wants Canada to unite with America. He’s a young budding politician who’s openly capitalistic and imperialistic, but I feel he wouldn’t be acceptable in American media. Due to Donald Trump’s strong grip on America that he’ll remind others of the late Charlie Kirk, an outspoken conservative politician (and Christian who died, because he got involved in the wrong company). Or worse, a less flattering portrayal of the same.

Then again it gets complicated by many factors: Canada’s right next to America, so it’s going to be tricky getting away with such a villain. At the same time, America’s in decline so Colin Sallow being a pro-American villain might be doable to an extent, though it’s a little harder to pull off without offending Americans at any point. The best case scenario is to make him merely monarchist, one who believes British neo-imperialism is a good thing. So this could explain why it’s so hard coming up with a pro-American version of the Baroness as she normally is: a villain, moreso given the current political climate there that it does feel like walking on eggshells. But most especially Canada as it shares a border with America, despite having anti-American sentiments itself from time to time. Even then it makes for an interesting thought experiment to turn the themes behind the Baroness’s appearances on its head.

Underrepresented

I said before that Estonians, Lithuanians, Latvians and the like as well as actual African nationalities are painfully underrepresented in American ACG media until recently, but even then it’s kind of hard naming an Estonian character in either DC or Marvel who’s not a background extra. If because there’s really none at all, and there still isn’t one to this day. Senegalese characters are in short supply in DC and Marvel, but they might as well be similarly nonexistent. The same can be said of Latvians, Georgians (as in those coming from Georgia the country), Lithuanians, Armenians, Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Krygyz, Ghanaians, Zimbabweans, Ugandans, Liberians, Angolans, Gabonese, Congolese (and Kinois), Mozambicans, Ivorians, Rwandans and so on.

It’s kind of hard naming any prominent Czech, Hungarian or Slovak DC or Marvel character because there’s really none at all, none to begin with and still none today, like if you want real Czech, Hungarian or Slovak representation you might as well persue and peruse Czech, Hungarian and Slovak media instead. Romanians might as well be vampires and not ordinary people like everybody else, Estonians could easily be mistaken for Russians, and many Americans would think of Georgia as a US state, not a separate country somewhere in the Caucasus. So whatever Georgian mutant that shows up in the X-Men canon will mostly probably come from Atlanta, not somewhere like Tbilisi for instance. Who cares about Moldovans, they might as well be Romanians all along.

Ditto Croatians, Serbians, Bulgarians, Bosnians and Slovenes unless if they appear in Joe Sacco’s comics, and unfortunately Joe Sacco seems to be one of the few US cartoonists who do bother putting Yugoslavs in his comics. It’s even odder still to think that despite DC rebooting its canon every now and then, Slovaks and Latvians have yet to show up there even when it’s now possible to do so, or for another matter making existing characters like Terra and Vixen belong to actual nationalities this time. Terra being a Slovak woman and Vixen a Zimbabwean woman, DC writers could be free to grandfather a Congolese nationality onto Bwana Beast. Marvel’s no different to some extent, yet not a single Marvel writer bothered to retcon both Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver into being Romani Slovenes.

Making Victor von Doom Croatian would be nice but it destroys the illusion of plausible deniability if he actually came from somewhere in Croatia himself, who knows what would happen if somebody like Shuri were to be retconned into being a Bamileke Cameroonian herself. It’s even wilder to think there are practically no Namibians, Botswanans and Nigeriens in Marvel, there is some Botswanan representation in DC but he’s just a bitplayer. Just a character to be saved by Superman and nothing more, Superman being the resident All-American hero at DC Comics. There are really no Botswanan superheroes in either the DC or Marvel canon, not even a recurring Botswanan supporting character like what Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen are to the Superman canon.

Botswanans are cannon fodder to DC and Marvel writers alike if they ever show up at all, Storm is pretty much alone in the entire US comics canon as the best known African character there. One would be hard-pressed to find any Kazakh characters in DC and Marvel, because they’re practically nonexistent there. You’d have to find Armenians in DC and Marvel in vain, even when Armenia’s no longer part of the Soviet Union at this point. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are all part of the European Union now, but there’s not a single Baltic superhero to this day at either DC or Marvel. Not even a Baltic supervillain at that. Supposing if someone made a story involving an Estonian man named Ilmar Tuglas. He doesn’t just generate and manipulate strings, but also emeralds.

He also works as a financial adviser, despite having harbouring pro-socialist sentiments every now and then, come from a family of communists and fur farmers and lives somewhere in Ahja, Estonia, with family somewhere in Saaremaa (an Estonian island). He’s based on Kakyoin Noriaki from Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure right down to his fashion sense and personality to a large extent, JJBA being a Japanese comic involving superpowers by the way. Let’s say that his author isn’t from Estonia themselves, and this character shows up in a North American comic or video game, he may not be a Marvel or DC character. But it does speak volumes about how strangely underrepresented Estonians are, despite Estonia being an EU member at this point in time, but I guess US writers could rather pay more mind to America’s longer-standing allies instead.

Estonia might not be that poor either, compared to say Georgia for instance, but it’ll often be overlooked by DC and Marvel. Especially when it comes to having a particularly prominent superhero of its own or more, compared to long-standing US allies like South Korea, to the point where Estonia might essentially serve as cannon fodder to US superheroes instead. Estonia had been thoroughly influenced by Russia before, around the time South Korea was created to contain the spread of socialism throughout the Korean peninsula, Russian influence was already years deep in Estonian culture. South Korea kind of inherited the showbiz culture from America, both K-Pop and K-Rap are evidently derivative of American popular music. It’s not that a showbiz culture is nonexistent in Estonia, but that it would’ve resembled Russia’s own instead.

It’s kind of astonishing to think that Russia was at some point the only other major superpower in the Cold War, but it never got its own Hollywood even when it had all the other communist allies around, or at least nowhere near the scale Hollywood does for America. As South Korea is a longer-standing US ally than Estonia is, it would’ve inevitably inherited the American showbiz culture. To the extent that US publishers are more willing to represent South Koreans than Estonians, because of the residual feeling that South Korea is really on its side, despite Estonia being a western country itself and it was a US ally for quite a while in recent memory. You could also say that South Korea has K-Pop, but then again K-Pop is derivative of American popular music in many ways, so it’s going to be more palatable to US and US ally tastes.

That’s why Marvel has Luna Snow, a K-Pop musician who moonlights as a superheroine, even if Estonia’s currently capitalistic at this point but it’s still going to have the suspicion of being a Russian ally despite appearances to the contrary at this point. That’s why Netflix, a US streaming service, has KPop Demon Hunters. Even if Estonia was for a long time a Swedish colony, then a Russia colony and now a ceritified member of the European Union, South Korea is a US ally from the get-go and its exports are going to be more compatible with American and US ally tastes, than with their Estonian counterparts (if they exist at all). So Estonians as well as Latvians, Lithuanians, Georgians, Armenians and Moldovans are going to be this underrepresented in DC and Marvel, or for another matter Hungarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and Bulgarians.

A common thread with many of these countries is that they’re all former socialist countries, as to be conflated with Russia especially if they’re European countries at that. I suppose if somebody were to substitute Latveria, Transia/Trasnia and Sokovia for Croatia, Slovenia and Hungary, it could still run into problems but if they got represented in Cold War era stories, their characters would either serve as antagonistic foils to US heroes or join US teams if they’re heroic, which Natalia Romanova is both of these things and she’s Russian. From my personal experience reading US comic books and the like, the only times actual Yugoslavs get any representation at all in is Joe Sacco’s nonfiction works. But these highlight a strong disparity between Yugoslavs and their fictionalised proxies, because Joe Sacco’s a journalist who uses cartooning to talk about social issues in other countries.

Similar things can be said of the differences between the way actual African countries are portrayed in nonfiction as opposed to say the DC and Marvel canon, where in the former they actually show up and sometimes realistically so. But in the DC and Marvel stories, most actual African countries are nonexistent. There are practically no Angolans, Cameroonians, Ugandans, Namibians and Rwandans in either the DC or Marvel canon, which gets really weird because these two are no strangers to retcons and reboots that at any point where a writer could’ve grandfathered a Cameroonian nationality onto Black Panther and Shuri, this never came to pass. DC’s no stranger to reboots and the opportunity to make Vixen Zimbabwean never came to pass either, you might as well tell me to make my own characters so I did.

Fabrice Tientcheu is a Cameroonian forensic scientist who has the ability to soften things, is very high-culture himself (he likes reading books on sciences like astronomy and chemistry, as well as books by Jean Baudrillard, Umberto Eco, Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus), owns cats because his father’s afraid of dogs (Cameroonian rapper Mink’s is afraid of dogs himself as well) and is actually based on another Jojo character, Trish Una who also has the same ability herself. He lives somewhere in Cameroon, whether if it’s Bamendjou or Bafang. But these are real places in Cameroon and also Africa, you could go there if you want to. He has a twin sister named Yvette, a seamstress who’s in love with his colleague and the resident detective Jean-Louis Lumiere.

Nigerians do get some representation in Marvel, via the character of Temper. But she’s not as well-known as Storm is, so Storm’s practically alone in the entire US comics canon as the best known fictional African to come from a real African country. If the adage the more, the merrier works; then it serves to have another Nigerian character around in the form of Tifeoluwa Babatunde Olatunji. He works as a lawyer and lives somewhere in Lagos, he sometimes gets into joking banter with Fabrice over rice and other foodstuffs. Even odder still over at DC is how and why there’ll never be an Elseworlds or Imaginary Story featuring an Icelandic Fire and a Chilean Ice, but I feel it kind of ties into stereotypes about Latin Americans and Scandinavians. Not just in terms of ability, but also personality.

From what I’ve read, Beatriz da Costa (Fire) is shown to be brash and flamboyant but Tora Olafsdotter (Ice) is more mild-mannered. That’s not to say there aren’t any Brazilians who act like Beatriz nor are there any Norwegians who act like Tora, but it still wouldn’t fit into the way they actually see themselves as. Supposing if there are characters with abilities similar to these two, but Fire is Scandinavian and Ice is Latin American this time. Sometime as early as 2010, I came up with an Icelandic male character who is Fire and manipulates volcanism himself, and Ice is a Japanese woman. This time both characters are female, thus further paralleling their DC counterparts. Linhildur Solveig Arnleifsdottir is analogised to Beatriz da Costa, though she has red hair and often at the receiving end of her husband’s affairs.

(She’s also a natural redhead to boot.) She comes from somewhere in Iceland, more specifically Reykjavik and she works as a government official. That’s not to say there aren’t any Scandinavian redheads out there in American ACG media, but it seems Age Of Mythology’s the rare instance of this unless if Jimmy Olsen counts (he’s obviously of Scandinavian descent himself). Dark-haired Scandinavians in DC do exist, but particularly in the form of Pieter Cross. Marvel’s Loki could also count in a way, because he’s based on Norse mythology. That’s not to say all Scandinavians are dark-haired (or red-haired or blond-haired either), but it still wouldn’t reflect the way they see themselves. Linhildur being a redhead reflects on the fact that Iceland does have a good number of redheads itself, then come Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

It seems within the Marvel canon, if foreign redheads do exist they’re usually more likely to come from either Scotland or Ireland. Not that redheads are nonexistent in both places, but it still wouldn’t be how they see themselves as. Quite frankly, I’m unable to name a famous Scottish or Irish redhead in music. People like Mairead Ni Mhaonaigh, Ronan Keating and Nicola Cloaghan are all Irish blonds, though with the last one you wouldn’t guess this until she stops dyeing her hair red for Bridgerton. The rest of Boyzone and Altan all have dark hair themselves, everybody in Clannad has natural dark hair (until lately as they’re getting older) and the same can be said of everybody in the band Capercaillie. Sinead O’Connor had natural dark hair. Nightcrawlers’ John Reid had natural blond hair when he was younger, Kevin McKidd’s also blond.

Karen Gillen are Moira Shearer are both the only natural Scottish redheads that I can think of, but since natural red hair’s rare so it’s to be expected that it would be easier naming blond and dark-haired Irish and Scottish celebrities instead, especially in my case. Moving over to England, I could name some natural redheads there. You have Mick Hucknall, Patricia Hodge when she was younger, Newton Faulkner, Ed Sheeran, arguably David J from Bauhaus when he was younger and Jess Glynne, even if red hair’s not stereotypically considered to be an English trait. Marvel’s Elsa Bloodstone could count, but in her earlier appearances she had blonde hair. Betsy Braddock’s also a natural blonde and so is her brother, though you could say that I’m very much wrong in here.

But it still reinforces a message that rufosity’s the domain of Irish and Scottish people, especially in the Marvel canon. Even if not all redheads are Scottish or Irish themselves within Marvel itself, it still reinforces a particular view about these people. A view that some Irish and Scottish people internalise themselves, not that they’re any less red-haired either. It’s likely why outside of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic media, redheads are rarely ever Scandinavian in American media. I’m thinking in the lines of things like Age Of Mythology being the rare instances where you can find Scandinavian redheads in any way, the other one being God Of War when it comes to its own version of Thor. Ditto Latin American blonds, even when Cameron Diaz is a thing in real life.

Despite Cameron Diaz’s prominence and moreso when she was younger, given her father was Cuban himself, whenever Latin Americans show up in American media they usually tend to have dark hair. Beatriz da Costa might be the only instance that I can think of in American fiction who’s not dark-haired herself, one would wonder why there are so little to no natural Latin American blonds and redheads within DC and Marvel. They do show up in Latin American media, both nonfiction and fiction, but they’re very rare in DC and Marvel, if they show up at all. I do know that white Latinos exist and characters like Julio from X-Factor reflect on this in a way, even if natural blond and red hair aren’t necessarily common in Latin America either, but the fact that these two traits show up in Latin American comics among fictional characters acknowledges their existence.

The character I came up with is Piedad Franulic Kristof, a Chilean woman of Croatian and Hungarian descent. She’s analogised to Tora Olafsdotter in that both of them are light-haired women who manipulate the cold, but she’s also based on Nijimura Kei in that they’re resentful towards the people they serve (the Orvilles in Piedad’s case) and Kei also manipulates the cold herself. Piedad more specifically has mousy blonde hair which can also be regarded as light brown hair just the same, though it’s lighter than that of Colin Sallow. I feel it’s easier to think of Latin Americans as not only commonly dark-haired, but also somewhat darker than that of white Americans is the way the latter views the former and vice versa at times, when it comes to othering one another. Like if the prototypical American’s of either Western or Northern European descent, then the prototypical Latino’s of indigenous descent.

Blond hair’s more commonly found among countries like Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway and Denmark, even if not all Britons, Germans, Dutch, Swedes, Norwegians and Danes are necessarily natural blonds, let alone for life. Like I said John Reid had blond hair when he was younger, Liam Howlett had blond hair when he was a young boy. But this is also where most white Americans come from, so to the prototypical white American resembles the prototypical Northern European. The prototypical Latin American is someone who’s either of indigenous or Spanish descent, and the Spanish are often assumed to be dark-haired themselves. Not that the Spanish are any less dark-haired in reality, but the way Americans conceptualise both Latinidad and Spanishness is different from how these people view it in themselves.

It should be noted that there are Latin Americans of Polish, German, Dutch, Croatian, Hungarian and Ukrainian descent, Piedad is a Chilean woman of both Croatian and Hungarian descent. So it reflects on this in a way but perhaps outside of Latin American fictions, this is very nearly nonexistent in US media. There’s a version of the Babysitters Club where one of the blonde characters got made into a dark-haired Latina, but I feel this is one of the few instances that kind of reflects on it in their own respective ways. But I feel when Latin Americans are in the US themselves, whether in real life or in fiction, they will be othered in a way they aren’t back in Latin America. Even if not all Latinos are practising Catholics or even Catholics in general, if being American means being Protestant, then the othering’s bound to happen anyways.

It wouldn’t be the case in countries like Ireland, Poland, Croatia, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and France, where Catholicism’s part of the cultural mainstream there. Not so much in countries like America, Britain, Canada and Finland where Protestantism’s part of the cultural mainstream there instead, so even white Latin Americans would be really othered in those places. It may not always be the case within DC and Marvel, but being American institutions, it’s going to play a role in some way. It’s not hard to see how and why Latin Americans, real or not, are going to be othered in American culture. It’s not that the Baptist church, Methodism, Evangelicalism and Pentecostalism are nonexistent in Britain, Finland, Latvia, Canada, Sweden and Norway, but America has been the hotbed of world Protestantism until recently.

If because due to Christianisation, the African countries are catching up real quickly here. Especially places like Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda and Kenya, though they’re not without considerable Catholic populations to boot. But even if denominations don’t always get factored into the equation, Latin Americans are still going to be othered in America in other ways. So that’s why Latin American superheroes like Beatriz and others are portrayed the way they are in American ACG media, the portrayal’s not always racist but there’s a kind of implicit othering in some cases. Central Asians are weirdly very underrepresented in US fictional media in any capacity, given they don’t neatly fit into American boxes regarding not only both East Asia and West Asia, but also Eastern Europe.

This becomes particularly the case with both Kazakhs and Krygyz, because although many of them look East Asian, they also aren’t from somewhere further east like in both Indonesia and Malaysia, speak Turkic languages and actually have a degree of Western Eurasian DNA themselves, so they don’t neatly fit American prototypes for what Muslims ought to be. Both Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turkmens may fit American conceptions of Islam in many regards, but sadly they remain underrepresented in the American imaginary. Instead of actually representing Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turkmens this time around in both DC and Marvel, DC creatives like James Gunn and Greg Weisman would rather use proxies like Jarhunpurians and those from Qurac instead. Ditto Syrians, Lebanese, Jordanians and even Palestinians to my knowledge.

There are Marvel writers who do kind of represent those coming from Lebanon in a way as it is with Sina Grace, but then again a good number of Marvel writers like Chris Claremont are Zionist, to the point of portraying even the worst Jewish character like Magneto more sympathetically than he would with an Arab like the Shadow King. David Haller, when he initially appeared, was the illegitimate teenage son of Charles Xavier and an Israeli national, who got possessed by the Shadow King. So with the combined efforts of Xavier and somebody else, David Haller finally got exorcised. But I don’t read comics that often, much less the DC and Marvel variety at this point, so I’m going by what I recall reading. But it kind of insinuates a message that Arabs are ought to corrupt minors like David Haller, well at the time so.

And more recently in Absolute Superman, West Asians Ra’s Al-Ghul and his daughter Talia have invaded the US. Even as a Christian it’s kind of telling that it plays into a kind of xenophobic sentiment, but aimed specifically at West Asians regarding their supposed ability to ruin and undermine western civilisation (as represented by DC’s quintessentially Midwestern town Smallville). Palestinians are very underrepresented in US fictional media, especially when the US itself has a strong Zionist streak, that it’s this easy to demonise them. Even weirder still is that Palestine actually houses the world’s oldest Christian community, coupled with that there are some Israelis like Paul Wexler suspecting them to be the actual direct descendants of the ancient Israelities in a way Ashkenazi Jews aren’t.

Arthur Koestler, a Jew, was one of the earliest to point out that Ashkenazis aren’t related to the ancient Israelites as much as they are to the Khazars, a long-lost Turkic people. Even studies pointing out that Ashkenazis are the descendants of Judaised Caucasians, Slavs, Greeks, Turks, Iranians and East Asians (who may be Mongols, the folks who were close to the Turkic tribes) would still bring up the Khazar ghost in some way, given the Zionist insistence on the idea that Ashkenazis are the direct descendants of the Israelites. Actually Ashkenazis being more closely related to Slavs seems more plausible, not only because their folkways are more Slavic than West Asian, but also because they lived in Slavic lands far longer than they do in West Asia, as to be Slavicised over time. Mr Wexler even said that Yiddish really is a Slavic language with a heavy Germanic influence.

Not helped by that Ashkenazi Jews lived in Slavic countries like Slovakia, Poland, Belarus and Russia for so long, that they’d inevitably be fluent in Russian, Polish, Slovak and Belarusian which would’ve further Slavicised Yiddish despite having Germanic influence too. And Yiddish sounds like a Polish speaker trying to speak German themselves, or sing in my case since I listened to a duo singing the song ‘Tumbalalaika’ which seems like a German song with a Polish accent. (This is what you get for finally listening to something in Polish.) The profound Zionist streak that a number of DC and Marvel writers exhibit is likely why there are practically no Palestinian superheroes in both the DC and Marvel canons, why somebody like Kitty Pryde gets away with the very thing that got a Native American like John Proudstar into trouble and so on.

It’s as if being Jewish is enough to automatically absolve somebody of their wrongdoings, which reflects in the way the western world continues to support Zionist Israel at any time. It’s kind of also like this in something like Power Mark, where a number of characters who aren’t Biblical characters who get to be flawed are a Russian boy, a Chinese woman (Power Mark’s sister) and a Latin American girl, but the Jewish boy’s portrayed as rather flawless. I feel as if western countries readily support Zionism is partly because Jews are a kind of model minority’s model minority, if you know what I mean, as opposed to the way the Chinese, Indians and others are regarded as such, especially if they’re not only Gentile but also significantly more numerous and oppose western values themselves in some manner.

This might explain the orientalist othering these people often get in western fictions, where a westernised East Asian like Jubilee is considered a good guy but not the Mandarin. Or for another matter, characters coming from former European colonies like Vietnam (Karma) and the Philippines (Galura, Wave), which kind of insinuates the message that western countries are the gold standard for what’s good and progressive. Even when both China and India were far ahead of the west when it comes to women wearing trousers, West Asian countries and Russia having more women in STEM, China having had women play ball games in ancient history, Japan continuing to have a solid tradition of and industry for female readers of comics and so on.

Or even the odd fact that Japan’s ahead of the west when it comes to publishing professional M/M fiction out in the open, Patalliro being an old anime that features a sympathetic gay couple at the front. I’m getting off-topic but when it comes to media like DC and Marvel as well as their writers, being westerners they often promote western worldviews, sympathies and preferences, sometimes deliberately but more often than not unconsciously because of what they’re socialised and exposed to for years. The underrepresentation of other former communist western nationalities like Estonians and Latvians has to do with conflating them with Russians proper, even when at this point Estonia and Latvia are currently capitalist, that it shouldn’t be a stretch to actually introduce Estonian and Latvian superheroes right now.

Maybe not as America ended up alienating these two, them being staunch European Union members at this point, but I feel it’s possible to create an international media franchise that features actually Estonian and Latvian characters at the front and centre this time. It’s kind of obvious that as a lot of DC and Marvel writers are Americans, they’ll inevitably and usually have pro-US sympathies, sentiments, mindsets and sensibilities that get reflected in the stories they write about. Whether if it’s the othering of nonwesterners like Africans, West Asians and East Asians, the continued underrepresentation of certain nationalities and ethnicities (Latvians, Estonians, Georgians, Kazakhs, Slovaks, etc), or the propagation of western values and sensibilities, it’s there with many DC and Marvel writers for years.

Although the character of Linhildur might play into the redhead with fire powers stereotype in a way, she also represents a kind of Scandinavian character not commonly represented in US fiction stories. So far the only Scandinavian character with a fire ability is Karl Hansen from the Wildcats stories, whereas Norwegians like Sigrid Nansen and Tora Olafsdotter both have ice-based abilities. And even if Norway has glaciers, so does Chile and Chile’s close to Antarctica. It’s not a coincidence that both DC and Marvel writers habitually give fire-based abilities to Latin Americans, as if they’re so hot-tempered they’ll burst into flames anyways, when it comes to characters like Dante Pertuz, Firebird, that tattooed guy and Beatriz da Costa, even if it’s not true for all of them. Magma could also count in a way, as she has power over volcanism herself.

And she’s also a Brazilian citizen by the way, though similar things can be said of Iceland too. But it still plays into a kind of American conceptualisation of Latin American nationalities and countries, regardless if countries like Argentina and Chile both beg to differ as they’re closer to the South Pole as to get cold and dark around June and July, that Chile has glaciers says a lot about the missed opportunity to have a Chilean version of Ice this time. Sunspot being able to manipulate solar energy himself plays into the American belief of countries like Brazil having nearly constant unlimited daylight hours, but even if it were true and the same can be said of a certain Peruvian Overwatch character (I think), one would wonder why there’s no Argentinian character at either DC or Marvel who manipulates darkness themselves because it gets dark in Argentina every June and July.

It’s kind of depressing to think that in 2025 there are still no Namibian, Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Armenian and Georgian superheroes and even supervillains at either DC or Marvel, when it comes to Georgians these characters come from somewhere in Batumi, Tbilisi or Gori. Not somewhere in Savannah, Atlanta or Douglasville, Georgia here is a country in the Caucasus. Latveria is real but not Slovakia, Transia is real but not Slovenia. So logically Wakanda is real, but not Cameroon. Qurac is real, but not Syria. What I’m saying is that Latveria, Transia, Qurac and Wakanda are treated as if they’re real countries in Marvel and DC, but for some reason their real-life doppelgangers are nonexistent in their place. You could actually travel to Ljubljana and even stay there for long after acquiring EU citizenship, but Transia will take its place in Marvel stories instead.

Singapore is so nonexistent in the Marvel canon that Madripoor takes its place instead, even when you could actually go there to Singapore yourself. Some of my relatives have done this more than a decade ago, you can even access to Singaporean websites too. Singaporeans speak English like Americans, but Madripoor is used in its place in Marvel. You should get an idea of how underrepresented Singaporeans are in Marvel, or for another matter Malaysians and Burmese since I can’t name a single character from either Malaysia or Myanmar in both DC and Marvel. Ditto Laotians, Cambodians get some representation in the forms of Rose Wilson and Sweet Lili. But I suppose no such equivalent exists for those from Kazakhstan, even to this day that Kazakhstan might as well belong in the world of Elseworlds and What If.

But countries like Qurac are serious business, despite being technically nonexistent in the real world.

On the lack of Estonians in DC and Marvel

Or at the least the lack of any famous Estonians on par with their Russian counterparts there, where I feel they wouldn’t just be conflated with Russians proper (moreso when the Soviet Union was a thing), but also that they’d be immediately outed for having any possible communist sympathies back then. Even if countries like Estonia and Latvia have finally transitioned to capitalism lately, they’re still weirdly underrepresented in Marvel and DC. I feel it’s much easier for American writers like Jude Winnick to unconsciously have South Korean characters around in place of their Estonian counterparts, or Filipinos for another matter, that despite Estonia and Latvia being technically capitalistic at this point, Americans would rather represent its staunchest, earliest allies over its more recent ones.

This is also why there aren’t any prominent Ukrainians in either DC or Marvel, it’s as if America’s interests in its new allies are oddly conditional and even performative, it’s like they want to stand up to Russia but tend to continually not represent Ukrainians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Moldovans and Latvians despite their newfound penchant for capitalism. Another is a tendency to put prior storytelling canon above recent political and economic developments in these countries, to the point where they didn’t effectively remove the ghost and corpse of the Soviet Union, they just removed the external signifiers of it whilst keeping the corpse around for some reason. America would rather much invest in its earliest allies like Britain, Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, above the newly capitalist Baltic countries, which is telling why there’s not a single prominent Latvian in either DC or Marvel.

It’s weird trying to name a single Ukrainian in the Marvel canon, let alone a supervillain or superhero, that despite America being technically sympathetic to Ukraine, it’s weirdly conditionally performative. Deep down inside that when it comes to the insistence of upholding the status quo, they’d rather represent Russians to this day, instead of sincerely representing Ukrainians, Romanians, Moldovans, Slovaks, Czechs, Poles, Georgians, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians and Armenians. America’s interest in the other former communist countries, especially those that are neither Vietnam nor Cambodia, is painfully conditional and superficial, because America would rather invest in either its allies or the countries it has invaded, over the ones that got invaded by Russia. Americans’ interest in Ukraine is superficial really, or perhaps the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for another matter.

To the point where despite being technically sympathetic to Ukraine, America never really got over the ghost of the Soviet Union this way.

ACG Media After America

ACG being a shorthand for animation, comics and games but if America were to stop being a superpower for good, let’s take certain facts at present into consideration. America currently has the world’s largest publishing industry, so subsequently it’s going to have one of the world’s largest comics industry (as it’s a subset of the larger publishing industry). It’s much bigger than in Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Jamaica and Armenia put together, whatever comics that do get published there in any way we’d recognise will mostly take on the form of multipanel editorial or newspaper cartoon strips. Case in point would be the cartoons at Guardian.ng, comics publishing does exist in Nigeria. But it’s not a particularly big facet of Nigeria’s publishing industry, maybe until recently, but it seems whatever publishing industry Nigeria does have in any way that can be seen as such mostly rests on either educational materials, journalism, academia, religious literature, children’s literature or sometimes nonfiction in general.

The US publishing industry is significantly bigger and more diverse, encompassing not just substantial swathes of the fiction industry but also the comics industry and the like. It’s big enough to accomodate eclectic stuff like newspaper cartoons (including Garfield and Peanuts), small press publications (zines), magazines (anything at DC, Marvel, Image, Dark Horse and Archie), translations of Japanese comics, original graphic novels and webcomics in print form. Nigeria doesn’t have that to the same extent America enjoys so if the US ever declines in power, so will its publishing industry that either creating or accepting substitutes is going to be the norm from then on. Whilst other countries like Denmark and Sweden fare somewhat better than those of Ghana and Nigeria, it still pales in comparison to the scale of their US counterpart. Like supposing if the US publishing industry declines together with the overall US decline, then that’s going to have some big shoes to fill.

There are some people who even say that America is Mystery Babylon, the nation-state said to corrupt the entire world as mentioned in the final book of the Bible, Revelation. That it houses so many abominations despite its start as a Christian colony makes one wonder why it took such a dark turn over a period of time that no sooner or later God will revoke it and minimise, if even undoing much of its influence all around the world. It’s already there in Canada and Europe, but more are underway that it’s going to be scary to find a world where Superman’s not just no longer published, but also obscured over time. When praying or interceding for a variety of Canadian cartoonists and writers, I wrote down prayers to help them cope with Canadian publishers translating comics from not just the former Soviet Union and Communist Bloc, but also Scandinavia as well. All of them put together wouldn’t necessarily come this close to the scope of their US counterpart.

But with America going into decline that subsequently and consequently its own publishing industry will diminish as well that seeking out substitutes would be one of the more sensible options, though the other one would be substantially growing domestic comics industries. These two used in tandem with one another would involve having to fill in big shoes left by America that this is going to be the best they can come up with to make up for what’s lost, surely people will no longer read the adventures of Batman and Deadpool but they can learn to warm up to the likes of Bamse, Rasmus Klump and Pondus eventually. Similar things can be said of the Philippines though in this case I prayed for various local cartoonists to cope with Philippine publishers translating comics from Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia and the like. Partly because the Philippines is too westernised for its own good, so losing US influence would actually enable it to reconcile itself to the east.

This would be no different with praying for others to cope with Philippine publishers translating books from China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Cambodia, but both serve to make up for a loss left by America’s decline. Not to mention a serious earthquake could potentially destroy some US publishers, even taking portions of the US comics canon with it, that if these can’t be recovered in any way publishers like that they’d have to resort to mirrors of their comics elsewhere. If not, then substitutes would do. So both Philippine and Canadian publishers are left with two options: either seriously commit to cultivating their local comics industries or to translate comics from countries other than America, but using both can help make up for a profound loss. It would take time for Filipinos to cozy up to substitutes like the Bumilangit canon, Oriental Heroes, McDull and McMug, but these would do if America’s no longer a superpower anymore.

It would take time for even Irish publishers to translate comics coming from Germany, France, Italy, Poland and Slovakia, but these would do if American comics are no longer read and enjoyed by Irish people. It would be far from ideal but it’s also going to be as good as it gets to make up for a big loss, given how America currently supplies most better-known and popular western ACG stories. One would wonder if Foxi and Fixi would even get translated in Irish at all, or for another matter things like Guardiani Italiani which is kind of reminiscent of DC and Marvel enough to not make others feel left out. Considering that America has one of the world’s largest publishing industries that if it ever does go into decline, with its influence getting revoked all over the world, that seeking out substitutes in whatever form they appear in would be the more realistic option.

It’s not the best option (given how I feel about seeking substitutes whenever something goes missing) but if the loss of US influence is going to be permanent, given America is Mystery Babylon, then we’re going to deal with the longterm loss of US influence anyways. There will be no more further adventures of Batman, Superman, Deadpool, Iron Man and Captain Marvel, though who knows if future Canadians are even going to enjoy reading the adventures of Rasmus Klump, Bamse and Pondus instead. Drawn and Quarterly has already translated Finland’s Moomin cartoon strips, so it could plausibly translate Rasmus Klump and Bamse into English eventually. Assuming if these two never got translated into English at all, though similar things can be said of other things like Jasso-kissa, which is also from Finland. But this results in a more Europeanised Canada.

Considering that Canada’s much closer to America than it is to Finland, Sweden and Poland that cultural exchanges between these two is going to be inevitable, though this doesn’t apply to the Philippines for some ironic reason as it’s closer to Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia than it is to America. In the Philippines’s case it’s got more to do with the persistent ghost of American neocolonialism where at any point where Philippine publishers could’ve translated Indonesian publications into the Philippine vernacular, this never really happened as of now even if America’s decline should enable us to get around to doing this in the future instead. Even then the loss of US influence in both Canada and the Philippines would force these two to seek alliances with other countries more, however awkward it may be when it comes to Russia and China.

When it comes to the animation side of things (which also includes video games to an extent), much of the former Soviet Union fares better there. Surely it wouldn’t exactly equal the quantity of animated franchises coming from the United States but it’s going to be a bit better than with the comics wing of the ACG industry, though who knows if Nelvana’s ever going to dub Soviet era productions like the Winnie the Pooh series and both Treasure Island films into indigenous Canadian languages like Cree, Ojibwe and the like. As for the Philippines that without American influence getting in the way in the future that it’s actually going to get Asianised for real, not just dubbing Japanese animations and translating Japanese comics. But also doing the same things to their Malaysian, Indonesian, Chinese, Thai, Burmese and Cambodian counterparts, that the Philippines finally gets real cultural exchanges with the rest of the east.

I even said before that despite the Philippines’s Koreaphilia, not a single Philippine publisher bothered to translate Korean comics and books into Tagalog. They could get a better idea of what else is going on in South Korea and to learn more about South Korea in a way relying on US publishers’ accounts of it wouldn’t do because it’s coming straight from actual Koreans themselves, albeit potentially translated into the Philippine vernacular. Surely you could say that Filipinos aren’t avid readers but this hasn’t stopped the Philippines from importing books and publications directly from the US itself, so whatever Korean influence that currently exists in the Philippines is a distant second to its US counterpart. Translating a lot of Korean books and comics into Tagalog results in a stronger Korean influence here, since at present it’s confined to live action productions, food and music.

And even with music it practically begins and ends with K-Pop, with not much attention paid to K-Ballads, Trot and K-Rap. Meanwhile the Philippines is exposed to the full spectrum of American music, not just American pop and rock but also US rap, ragtime music, CCM and jazz. The loss of US influence here would upend things and for Filipinos other than myself who want a less westernised Philippines, this could be the moment for the Philippines to actually be influenced by the rest of East Asia a lot more. This could also result in a bigger Korean influence here than at present because Philippine publishers would actually get to translate Korean publications into Tagalog, but it doesn’t have to be the only Asian influence around. Japanese influence is also really limited here, since it’s practically confined to ACG (mostly animation with comics and games trailing behind).

Though there are some Filipinos who do watch live action Japanese productions and listen to Japanese music, it’s really not that popular compared to many more Filipinos enjoying their US counterparts more. You’re more likely to find Filipinos vibing to the likes of Missy Elliot, Lizzo, Eminem and Chappell Roan, than they would with say Hikaru Utada, Malice Mizer, Bucktick and Gackt. You’re more likely to find American publications like National Geographic and Discovery in Philippine shelves, than you would with say Tagalog translations of Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure and Fist of the North Star. There are practically no Philippine editions of Japanese magazines like Weekly Shonen Jump, Nakayoshi and Ultra Jump, whereas you easily find Philippine editions of Vogue, Marie Claire and Esquire. It might not be entirely this comparable, but it’s telling which country the Philippines is more biased towards.

Even if the Philippines isn’t particularly so antagonistic to Japan at this point, Japanese influence is really limited which explains why there’s a near paucity of Tagalog translations of things like Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure and Nana. Philippine radio stations don’t play this much Japanese music either, in fact I don’t think they even play the likes of Hikaru Utada and Hamasaki Ayumi that often compared to say Taylor Swift and Beyonce. Even if not all Filipinos use radio to listen to music, the sort of foreign musicians they’re much likelier to listen to (if they’re not Korean) are more likely to be American. There are Filipinos who listen to British bands and musicians, but I don’t think there are Filipinos who listen to musicians from non-Anglophone, non-Korean bands this much other than their own. Not that OPM is bad, but it’s rare to find Filipinos who listen to the likes of Fabri Fibra and Mina Mazzini.

It’s possible similar things can be said of Canada to the point where it practically struggles to have a identity truly distinct from America, it’s not uncommon to find Canadians enjoying American publications, listening to American musicians, watching American productions and playing American games. There are Canadians who do listen to European bands and musicians, but most of them are going to be Anglophone even when they’re not from Anglophone countries (something like Roxette and Ace of Base). Maybe Francophone musicians and bands to some extent, but it’s pretty rare for Canadians to listen to a lot more music from Germany, Greece, Italy, Russia and the Netherlands, let alone that’s not in the English language. Comes to think of it this way, there are really no Canadian editions of specifically European publications like Spirou.

Maybe I’m wrong about this one but it’s kind of telling that it’s far more common to find Canadian cartoonists working for US publishers than they would with their French, Italian and Dutch counterparts, speaking from my own observations, not helped by that Canada’s this close to the United States that Canada will always risk coming off as America lite to everybody else in the world. Losing American influence in Canada might enable it to stand out from its shadow more, but alternately speaking Canada might end up as the biggest reminder of any residual American influence left in the world if America’s set to disappear from the planet forever. This is particularly evident when it comes to certain facets like accents, holidays and sports that even if American influence does get revoked from Canada, it could still wound up as a kind of backup America.

Maybe not entirely a backup America but reminiscent of America enough to stand out when America proper is gone forever, even if it does get Europeanised over time. Supposing if Canadian publishers ever commit to and suceed at translating a lot of Russian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, Romanian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish and Danish comics, especially once where there’s a serious paucity of US comics out there in the future, Canada could get Europeanised along the way anyways. Even if some US influence resides in Canada, admittedly this is going to be the most frightening part of what would happen if there’s really no more America in the world, regarding what’s going to happen to Canada. But at best it’s a really awkward Schrodinger type situation where Canada’s both more Europeanised, yet also a reminder of any American influence left in the world.

In the sense where future Canadians have grown up on Soyuzmultfilm’s versions of Winnie the Pooh and Snow Queen as lovingly dubbed by Nelvana, Ukraine’s Treasure Island and Alice as loving dubbed by Nelvana just the same and so on. But where there are still cowboys (if possible), the rhotic North American accent, gridiron football, basketball and so on, another awkward situation that Canada finds itself in but one where it’s the biggest instance of any surviving American influence left on the planet. There are even some people who say that America is Mystery Babylon, the nation-state said to corrupt the entire planet with its filth and abominations, to the point where even America’s surrounded by multiple waters and is a superpower.

It’s even going to get drunk on the blood of saints (Christians) that it’s going to persecute them for real, you might even say that it’s already happening but the worst is yet to come. The loss of American influence could even be a blessing in disguise that for those who dislike America a lot, this would be a reprieve now their own countries could get more strongly influenced by their neighbours. Or even Russia and China if some are biased towards either one or both of them, but this is going to be a future where even if America remains, it’s a post-American future either way where America is no longer a superpower. At worst, American influence is largely erased for good, thus leaving behind a strongly Europeanised Canada and a strongly Asianised Philippines.

It would be really awkward having to make up for a big loss left by America’s passing, but substitutes would need to do because these are going to be gone forever. Even if some American influence remains in the world, that will be all there is to it. Centuries after Babylon’s passing, there are still both mathematics and astronomy, along with Babylonian contributions. But aside from being a substrate to both Aramaic and Arabic in Iraq, that’s all there is to it as of now. There is growing franchise fatigue for US media properties like Lucasfilm and Marvel, whereas the Ukrainian Treasure Island blew up online regarding memes like the Doctor Livesay walk. It shows you that you needn’t extensive advertising to draw in audiences, all it has to do is to be interesting outside of its intended audience.

That’s actually even more astonishing as these films were intended for a specifically Soviet audience, but drew in a crowd outside of it in a way Star Wars couldn’t even do in China or Marvel in Japan. But one would wonder if global audiences may in fact be sincerely interested in stories coming from outside of America, even from its rivals like Russia and China of all things, like there’s a possibility that these two are capable of churning out admirable entertainment products that draw in audiences outside of their own. In fact without even trying if Ukraine’s Treasure Island films are any indication, something Disney couldn’t and would never succeed at doing when it comes to aiming the Star Wars canon at Chinese audiences. America might have peaked at this point, so it has to let China and Russia take the spotlight instead.

When Russians attack

Somebody prophesised that Russians are going to attack America, as it’s proud and distracted by idols like Taylor Swift, as if the latter’s too preoccupied with creature comforts to realise what’ll happen to it next. Not just enemy bombings but also future riots, an incoming civil war and a massive natural disaster out to wreck the entire North American continent at any point, if people ever cared to realise these are all forthcoming, then they should know what’s about to come is going to rock the boat real badly as to make the people fall down and drown. Celestial said that America’s too preoccupied with bread and circus type entertainments, too beholden to creature comforts to realise what’ll happen to it at any point.

There are likely some Americans aware of what’s going to happen next and are best equipped with what’ll occur in the future at any point in time, but others seem too preoccupied with the trivial details of what goes on in entertainment to know what’ll happen to them next. I suppose if you replace Taylor Swift with something like Marvel Rivals and it would essentially be the same thing, that’s being too preoccupied with idols to know and realise what’ll happen next as a consequence of their sinfulness as it did to me before especially towards radio stations at various points (hard for me to say). If America had been founded as a Christian nation, but with its people living in unrepentant sin for years, that no sooner or later it will be undermined.

God will even allow its enemies to attack it the way he made Babylon and Assyria did to both Judah and Israel for their disobedience, America will find itself bombed by Russia whether if it likes it or not. It’s really going to happen, a kind of Cold-War irony to think about it in hindsight. Russia was a major rival of America in the post-WWII years, competing with America over resources and countries. Some of the countries allied with Russia in those years include East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the former Czechslovakia (Slovakia and the Czech Republic). Some of the countries allied with America include the United Kingdom, West Germany, South Korea, France, Japan and the Philippines, though any country allied with America will also face judgement.

For partaking in the same sins as Mystery Babylon/America does, that they too will be permanently given over to their enemies. Especially the Philippines for its own sins and wickedness that it will be permanently given over to China, Russia will take over all of Europe and then North America to an extent. Countries like Canada, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Latvia, Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain will all be made into Russian protectorates, whilst America will become an extension of Russia proper. Just as Filipinos will no longer use both English and Tagalog, but rather Mandarin and Tagalog instead Americans will be made to solely speak in Russian, then they also follow Russian rules and laws as well.

It’s worth remembering that Russia was America’s biggest rival during the Cold War years but one that will be the Jacob to America’s Esau, because the United States forsook God’s blessing in favour of the world that it will be given to Russia instead. Russia will become the face of western civilisation, not America anymore. I even said that if Russia fancies itself as the third Rome (the first Rome being Rome proper and the second Rome is the Byzantine Empire), then America should be recognised as the third Sumer since the first Sumer is Sumer itself and the second Sumer is Babylon. In this sense that the original Babylon’s mother is Sumer, so America’s mother is Britain and it will be made ashamed of what’s been done to one of its children.

The daughter of Babylon will be put to rest, her sins have reached the highest of the heavens and she’ll be forgotten over time.

America’s City State Years

I sometimes think the comparison to Italy’s apt in some regards. Some centuries ago, Italy also witnessed similar political polarisation. The Ghibellines supported the Holy Roman Empire and the Guelphs supported the Catholic Church. But the latter split into two and got Dante Alighieri (who was part of the party before) out. I sometimes think Italy’s very much like America before.

In the sense of having several self-governing states with elected presidents/governors. (Though I think in relation to the Holy Roman Empire, most of them would’ve been like the semi-autonomous republics within Russia and by extension the Soviet Union with Venice being more like a satellite*.) A few others were more like commonwealths.

The others that were fiefdoms were unmistakably part of the Holy Roman Empire, whether directly or through Spanish rule (especially Southern Italy) as Spain was part of the Holy Roman Empire before (and so was the Netherlands under Spain). So it seemed historically Italy existed only in relation to Austria, Germany, Spain and France.

Logically, America was under British rule but some areas belonged indirectly to Spain (Mexico and California) and others belonged to France and Russia (Alaska, Louisiana). They wouldn’t unite into one until sometime in the 19th century, I think. America might even undergo its city state period should certain mishaps happen. Look no further than Italy for further information.

*It did interact with the Holy Roman Empire and especially Austria before in fighting the Ottoman Empire, especially as part of the Holy League thrice I think and got incorporated into Napoleon’s empire along with the rest of Italy (including Naples which it and the rest of Italy were also under Spanish-Austrian rule.)

In relation to the Holy Roman Empire

Admittedly it’s rather debatable what sort of relationship Italy really had with Germany back then. It’s more parsimonious to assume that given there’s one report about even some of the Italian republics accepting their Holy Roman Imperial overlords should suggest that it would’ve been more analogous to the Soviet Union and Russian Empire to varying degrees.

(It also helped that the Florentine Medici got ennobled and conquered other parts when incorporating them into their Duchy.)

Not to mention that the Republic of Venice has sided with the Holy Roman Empire thrice (twice as part of the Holy League) as well as being part of it before as well as eventually becoming part of the Austrian Empire (a continuation of sorts as held by the Habsburgs) should make it analogous to what Poland’s to both the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.

Part of Poland used to be part of the Russian Empire and later on, whilst still fairly independent it was still subjected to Russia by being a satellite to the Soviet Union and Russian used to be taught there. (The rest of the Italian part of the Holy Roman Empire would’ve been more like the semi-autonomous republics within Russia itself).

This is somewhat imperfect but it does help give an idea of what it’s like.

Imperfect analogue

Admittedly my analogy of Venice to Poland’s somewhat imperfect but I suspect whatever Venice’s relation to Austria and Italy in general to Holy Roman Empire were actually like, given Sardinia and Piedmont were eventually given to Charles VI (who was the ruler of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire at the time or something as my memory’s not good) and Venice itself allied with Austria and Poland before, the only comparable examples that I can think of are that of the Soviet Union and Russian Empire.

That makes sense as Poland itself used to be directly part of the Russian Empire (or at least a part of it) and Poland in general became a satellite of the Soviet Union (itself a continuation of the Russian Empire). Conversely speaking, Italy’s alliance with the Holy Roman Empire varied whether as allies and satellites of sorts to some extent (Venice, the Papal States) or as actually part of the HRE proper (there’s a book stating that even the Republic of Florence accepted the HRE as its overlords).

Unsurprisingly, whilst the Duchy of Milan was already part of the HRE proper Tuscany wouldn’t get totally absorbed into it until the Medicis got ennobled. Heck there are still semi-autonomous republics in Russia which gives a good idea of what Italy’s like in relation to the Holy Roman Empire when you think about it.

The analogue nobody’s talking about

Whatever Italy’s relation to the Holy Roman Empire was like before, given there may not have been any surviving records of that relationship we can however extrapolate this from comparable answers in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Which makes sense as Sardinia used to form a kingdom with Piedmont which was eventually given to Charles VI. So if the Soviet Union’s a continuation of the Russian Empire, gives a good idea of what the Holy Roman and Austrian Empires were really like.

That makes sense as the Austrian Empire’s believed to be a continuation of the Holy Roman Empire as it was ruled by the Habsburgs. Many Italian fiefdoms, former republics and city-states were allied to the Holy Roman and French Empires at various points or another with Venice’s own relation to the HRE, whatever the relation that is was more analogous to what Poland was to both the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.

Poland used to be part of the Russian Empire proper before becoming a mere satellite to the Soviet Union (Russian used to be taught in Polish schools so). Conversely speaking Venice did form an alliance with Austria and Poland before becoming absorbed into the Holy Roman and eventually Austrian empire. Kind of true when you think about the Soviet Union as the secularised continuation of the Russian Empire.

Holy Roman Empire–Russia

Somewhat imperfect but it does neatly show whatever relation and tie Switzerland and Italy have to the Holy Roman Empire proper. Given information about their relationships can be sketchy and even fragmentary as I think some of those documents didn’t survive long enough to give an idea of what it actually was like. I also think Switzerland and many of the Italian fiefdoms and city-states were more like the semi-autonomous republics within Russia.

I think it’s been argued elsewhere that the Austrian Empire (which included the former Venetian Republic) was a continuation of the Holy Roman Empire was it was ruled by the surviving Habsburgs but given the comparison to Russia, it does make you wonder whether if the Soviet Union’s the secularised continuation of the Russian Empire. The Russian Empire even included Poland which was also something of a satellite to the Soviet Union proper.

Venice, in that regard, when in relation to the Holy Roman and French empires was somewhere in between Ukraine and Poland in terms of its relationship. Venice was at some point allied with a certain King Charles VI and Frederich. So it’s somewhat closer to Poland in being a proxy to that empire though almost in reverse as Poland was part of the Russian Empire before whilst Venice eventually got included in the Austrian Empire.