3. RHEA, the wife of Saturn: called also Ops, Cybele, Magna Mater, Mater Deorum, Berecynthia, Idcea, and Dindymine, from three mountains in Phrygia: She was painted as a matron, crowned with towers, (turrita), sitting in a chariot drawn by lions, Ovid. Fast. iv. 249. &c.
Cybele, or a sacred stone, called by the inhabitants the mother of the gods, was brought from Pessinus in Phrygia to Rome, in the time of the second Punic war, Liv. xxix. 11. & 14.
4. PLUTO, the brother of Jupiter and king of the infernal regions; called also Orcus, Jupiter infernus et Stygius. The wife of Pluto was PROSERPINA, tne daughter of Ceres, whom he carried off, as she was gathering flowers in the -plains of Enna in Sicily; called Juno inferna or Stygia, often confounded with Hecate and Luna or Diana; supposed to preside over sorceries or incantations, (veneficiis pratesse).
There were many other infernal deities, of whom the chief were the FATES or Destinies, (PARC/E, a parcendo vel per AttTiphrasin, quod nemini par cant), the daughters of Jupiter and Themis, or of Erebus and Vox, three in number; Clotho, Lm-hcsis, and Atropos, supposed to determine the life of men by spinning; Ovid. Pont. i. 8. 64. Ep. xii. 3. Clotho held the distaff, Lachesis span, and Atropos cut the thread: When there was nothing on the distaff to spin, it was attended with the same effect, Ovid. Amor. ii. 6. 46. Sometimes they are all represented as employed in breaking the threads, Lucan. iii. 18. The FURIES, (Furice vel Dircs, Eumenides vel Erinnyes), also three in number, Alecto, Tysiphone, and Megara; represented with wings, and snakes twisted in their hair; holding in their hands a torch and a whip to torment the wicked; MORS vel Lethum, death; SOMNUS, sleep, &c. The punishments of the infernal regions were sometimes represented in pictures, to deter men from crimes, Plaut. Captiv. v. 4. 1.
5. BACCHUS, the god of wine, the son of Jupiter and Setnele; called also Liber or Lyons, because wine frees the’ minds of men from care: described as the conqueror of India; represented always young, crowned with vine or ivy-leaves, sometimes with horns, hence called Cornioek, Ovid. Ep. xiii. 33. holding in his hand a thyrsus or spear bound with ivy; his chariot was drawn by tigers, lions, or lynxes, attended by Silenus, his nurse and preceptor, Bacchanals (frantic women, Bacchae, Tryades vel Menades), and satyrs, Ovid. Fast. iii. 715.—770. Ep. iv. 47.
The sacred rites of Bacchus, {Bacchanalia, ORG IA vel Dionysia), were celebrated every third year, (hence called trieterica), in the night-time, chiefly on Cithatron and Ismenus in Boeotia, on Isma•ms, Rhodope, and Edon in Thrace.