Whilst the differences between Canada and Australia are obvious on some levels, there are also some similarities. Both of them are British commonwealths (tied to the United Kingdom through a prime minister), both of them are rather sparsely populated given the harsh climate and geography (Russia to some extent, especially to the East).
Though any other country in the New World (especially some countries) has had issues with longstanding ethnic minorities (autochthonous if you will) and much of Scandinavia’s no different (Samis), both Australia, New Zealand and Canada are comparable within the British Commonwealths. (Admittedly, that’s all I know.)
Another interesting similarity between both of them (and to some extent, America) is that they’re used to place convicts in, though this sort of peaked in Australia. Admittedly, that’s all I know about those countries but similar enough to warrant comparisons and analogues.
fynm 